The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 966 Words

A common theme in literature is the human demand to know, explore and penetrate the unknown. Characters in stories commonly search to find truths about existence and the meanings related to life. Four stories that exemplify that theme are The Great Gatsby, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro†, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This group of stories all has characters that search to explore the unknown and expand their personal knowledge. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald the main characters of the story do their best to accomplish the American Dream. The American Dream first came to be in the early days of American settlement. Mostly poor people were striving to find opportunities and a better life here in America. With poor immigrants coming to the country to find more comfortable and safe life they had no idea what was in store for them for the future. The search of the American dream can be compared to searching for th e unknown. When trying to expand and create a better life for yourself you must make choices and decisions that could effect you for the rest of your life, however you have no idea what the outcomes will be. In The Great Gatsby the desire for a luxurious life is what lures Myrtle into having an affair with Tom. This decision disrupts her marriage with George, which later leads to her death and loss of true happiness. Myrtle has the hope and desire for a perfect, wealthy and famous type life but the search into the truthsShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 966 Words Assignment 1 1.1 Write about three things you learned from the pre-reading. While learning about The Great Gatsby preface, I learned that the Gatsby is not an uplifting story, its just a classic. I learned that F. Scott Fitzgerald was an alcoholic, and not the best of role models. I also learned that The Great Gatsby contains many memorable characters and that I may run into a lot of situations that reference this story, so I should read it. 1.2 What advice did Nicks father give to him? Discuss three things you learned about Nick. The advice that Nick’s father gave to him was that he should never criticize anyone. Everyone is dealt a different set of cards and not everyone has the same benefits as each other. Chapter one gives us information about Nick. We are introduced to his cousin, Daisy, and given a brief description about her and her life. We know that Nick is adventurous if he is willing to leave everything he knows to move to New York. We also can tell that though Nick tries to follow his father’s advice and not judge, he still does in a decisive manner about the life of New Yorkers. Assignment 2 2.1 Briefly describe the people who were at the NYC party. The people who attended the party that Tom hosted was a small group. Tom brought his lover and also Nick to the apartment. The McKees, who were neighbors, also came. The McKees are described as being shrill and feminine and pale. 2.2 What was morally wrong about this party? The party that Tom hosted was not aShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitz gerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Motivation and Self-efficacy - 1855 Words

The Concept Analysis of Self-Efficacy Lori Lincoln, RN, BSN Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Dr. Sharon Pontious University of Phoenix May 19, 2005 The Concept of Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy, for the purpose of this study, may be defined as a persons optimistic self-belief. This is the belief that a person can develop the skills to perform new or difficult tasks to cope with changes in health and functioning. When a person perceives self-efficacy, it will facilitate goal-setting, effort, investment, persistence, overcoming obstacles and recovery from disappointments and failures. It can be regarded as a positive outlook or proactive way to handle stress factors. It is the ability to successfully cope with health changes, and†¦show more content†¦Self-efficacy is concerned with a persons estimate of their personal capabilities. Successful performance of a behavior leading to a positive experiences leads to a high level of self-efficacy, failures diminish the level of self-efficacy. Antecedent conditions or precursors to self-efficacy include social experiences, learning experiences, and perceived ability to change or co ntrol the outcome of their condition. This may occur through situational behavior, learning behaviors, and experiential learning. The experience of being successful improves self-efficacy. Repeating the action and obtaining positive outcomes improve the motivation to preserve the behavior. Mastery of these behaviors and experiences give confidence to an individual in their self-efficacy and their ability to control their outcomes. Failures in the same experiences will lower ones level of self-efficacy. Consequences are the acquired skill and self-confidence created by a successful change in behavior affecting a positive change in outcomes. Through the practice of self-efficacy one can increase their confidence, desire, willingness to act, risk taking of new behaviors, and pride in their outcomes. Failures in these areas due to lost opportunities or hesitancy to actively change behaviors and try new activities will result in a low self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a mechanism th at explains an individuals behavior and perceived capabilityShow MoreRelatedThe Motivation And Self Efficacy Of Struggling Learners1067 Words   |  5 Pagestheir peers, due to the negative consequences they experience from underachieving (Hojati Abbasi, 2013). In order to build the motivation and self-efficacy of struggling learners, these individuals need to set short-term goals that are specific and achievable (Margolis McCabe, 2004). In this study, the effects of short-term goal setting among the motivation, self-efficacy, academics, and behaviors of special education middle school students were measured. The findings, limitations, suggestionsRead More Self-efficacy and Factors Influencing Motivation of Students2053 Words   |  9 Pages Self-efficacy is the belief that someone has the inherent ability to achieve a goal. A student who has a high self-efficacy allows himself to believe that he can be successfully academically.(Bozo Flint, 2008) He believes that a challeng ing problem is a task that can be mastered This student is more committed to work in the classroom. (Schunk,1991). On the other hand, a student who has a low level of self-efficacy is likely to be academically motivated. He is more likely to avoid a task that isRead MoreIntroduction. In Contemporary Science Education, There1555 Words   |  7 Pagesthe teaching and learning practices. This issue is that of the lack of self-efficacy and motivation found in science educators. Self-efficacy, defined as a personal action control or agency of an event or task (Schwarzer, 2014), or one’s belief in their performance capabilities to perform a certain task (Zimmerman, 2000), is commonly lacked by many. This lack has several repercussions, including decreased levels of motivation. The lacking of both of these traits is an issue that is commonly experiencedRead MoreEssay On Self Efficacy836 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of self-efficacy Teacher self-efficacy is an integral element of an effective teaching and learning environment. Wentzel and Miele (2016) pointed out that self-efficacy encompasses the personal beliefs that an individual teacher has regarding his/her own capabilities to help students and the higher the self-efficacy the greater the job satisfaction. According to the self-efficacy theory, teachers with greater self-efficacy are poised to help students succeed, develop challenging activitiesRead MoreRelationship Between Self Efficacy And Training Transfer Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesamong self-efficacy, motivation to learn, motivation to transfer and training transfer† published in Changhua, Taiwan on 2014 for Macrothink Institute - International Journal of Learning and Development. The main objective of the study was to identify the affiliations encompassed by the diverse trainee attributes and its effectivity with regard to the pathway between self-efficacy and motivation towards training transfer. They wanted to prove that both self-efficacy and training motivation wouldRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology1551 Words   |  7 Pagesmanifest into self- construct systems for motivation of cognition, behavior, and learning. With Bandura’s concepts of self-regulation / self-efficacy, and Weiner’s concept of attribution as driving mechanisms for motivation in individual cognition and behavior, the two theorists recognize and have identified an internal adaptable operating system. Peering into their suggested theories, identifying specific components of their associated concepts, and reviewing viewpoints on drives for motivation, Bandura’sRead More High-Fidelity Human Patient Simulation (HPS) Essay examples1106 Words   |  5 Pagespatient simulation (HPS), a strategy that combines technology with a human body mannequin. Many nursing educators have embraced this type of technology as it offers a means of facilitating cognitive, affective, and psy chomotor outcomes. Self-efficacy and motivation are two variables to learning that lead to academic success. To meet the knowledge and skills components required of graduating nurses, didactics are combined with practice of psychomotor skills in the school setting and clinical practiceRead MoreImpression Management607 Words   |  3 PagesSelf-efficacy– One’s belief in the likelihood of goal completion can be motivating in itself (Van der Bijl amp; Shortridge-Baggett, 2002). Self-efficacy refers to peoples judgements about their capability to perform particular tasks. Task-related self-efficacy increases the effort and persistence towards challenging tasks; therefore, increasing the likelihood that they will be completed (Barling amp; Beattie, 1983, as cited in Axtell amp; Parker, 2003, p. 114). A person Self-efficacy beliefsRead MoreSkills in Employees and Managers1165 Words   |  5 Pagesthan Learned in Training: Employees’ and managers’ (over)generalization of skills Introduction: this article aims to tell about the different personality traits of individuals which lead them to show improvement on untrained content after training on self reported training transfer. This article is based on conduct of 2 studies in the first study was aimed to examine the personality traits and skills that cause the improvement on untrained content after training by using field study. In 2nd study specificRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory1628 Words   |  7 Pagesothers (Omrod, 2016, p. 117). Cognitive factors include: vicarious acquisition, outcome expectations, and efficacy expectations. Vicarious acquisition the â€Å"distinction between learning through observation and the actual performance of what has been learned† (Omrod, 2016, p. 118). Outcome expectations hypothesize â€Å"about the results that future actions are likely to bring† (Omrod, 2016, p. 119). Efficacy Expectations are the â€Å"beliefs about whether they themselves can execute particular behavi ors successfully

Antigone Essay - 3001 Words

I. SUBJECT Antigone is a play about a woman who disobeyed the Kings order to not bury her brother. The play was written by the famous Greek tragedian, Sophocles, in 441 B.C. The story took place in the city of Thebes and the time period is not mentioned. The main characters introduced in the play are of Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon. The primary focus was centered on Antigone and the consequences she faces after breaking the Kings orders. In the beginning, the author introduced Antigone and her sister, Ismene, and their argument about their recently deceased brother. The argument involved Antigone wanting to bury her brother and Ismene encouraging her to obey the Kings orders. Antigone ignored her sisters advice and chose to†¦show more content†¦Sophocles believed that it was significant that the law of a persons conscience supersedes the law of the state. Antigone overlooks the law of the state and follows her heart to do what she knows is morally right, opposed to a law created by a human with high authority. She understands that the consequences are heavy for the act, however, she courageously concluded that the importance of the act was greater than the consequences. In the play, Haemon is brought to his father to be informed off the news of his soon to be wife. In the discussion between Creon and Haemon, they speak of Haemons obedience and Antigones disobedience to Creon. Creon says, So I must guard the men who yield to order, not let myself be beaten by a woman. Better, if it must happen that a man should overset me. I wont be called weaker than womankind (Sophocles 211). Creon makes it clear that his reasoning relies on sexism and not what is truly just. Women are often downgraded to the status of a secondary role as shown in the story. The argument between the law of the state and the law of the gods, or religious, is mentioned many times throughout the story. Creon refers to Antigones brother as one who betrayed his city and he upholds an order for Thebes, forbidding Antigones brother to be buried. Antigone refers to burying her brother as a moral responsibility. Creon is astonished when he finds that she has disobeyed hisShow MoreRelatedAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1525 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing that the gods demand† (1349-1350). Sophocles’ Antigone takes place in a trying time for the city of Thebes, when Oedipus, their king, and most of the royal family have died, and Creon has just been appointed the new king. Throughout the play, Creon tries on his power as the new ruler, and seems to believe that the gods will not be angry with some of his choices as king, even though they directly violate the divine law. However, in Antigone, when there is a conflict between the divine law andRead Moreantigone987 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia and lastly they need to realize their mistakes and accept their consequences. In Antigone, there are two main characters that fit the criteria of a tragic hero, but only the protagonist, Antigone meets all of the conditions. Antigone meets the second requirement of a tragic heroine, by fulfilling the criteria of being neither entirely good nor completely bad. In the opening of the play, Antigone asks her sister, Ismene to help her give Polynieces a proper burial but Ismene disagrees becauseRead MoreThe Choices Of Antigone And Sophocles Antigone1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Antigone and Creon face in Sophocles’ Antigone differ, their decisions often end up pitted against each other’s, inviting comparison. Since I am juxtaposing the characters’ degrees of rightness, I believe that the rightness of the reasoning, not just their ultimate stances, should be examined. The entirety of his or her argument, not just the conclusion, must be taken into account. I’ll also note that my perspective of rightness could and does conflict with that of the gods in Antigone and SophoclesRead MoreCharacterization of Antigone in Sophocles Antigone2448 Words   |  10 PagesSophocles’ tra gic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issues involved in the characters of Creon and Antigone. But the issues areRead MoreAntigone Summary771 Words   |  4 Pagesunburied to rot. Antigone was dejected with Creon’s ruling and decided to bury Polynices herself. She tried to enlist Ismene to help her, but Ismene was to afraid. Antigone furiously continued with the plan on her own. A sentry discovered Antigone and brought her to Creon. Ismene was also brought to Creon and confessed that she had helped Antigone with the burial rites of Polynices. Antigone stopped Ismene and told her not to admit to an act that she had not committed. Antigone took sole responsibilityRead MoreAntigone2454 Words   |  10 PagesAntigone– The Characterization Sophocles’ tragic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issuesRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles622 Words   |  3 PagesIn the playwright Antigone by Sophocles, the characters reveal their values while exposing a life lessons through their actions, dialogue, thoughts ,and effects on others. Antigone starts with two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, being killed at battle. Creon, the king of Thebes, declares that Eteocles’ death will be honored and Polyneices’ dishonored. He instead will lay unburied to become the food of animals. When the play opens, Antigone takes Ismene, Antigone and Ismene are sisters of the deadRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesimprudent judgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of ju stice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitysRead MoreAntigone by Aristotle1684 Words   |  7 PagesAntigone Life has a way of becoming complicated. Problems between friends, foes, and even family members develop everyday for people of all walks of life. It is part of human nature to disagree, cause conflict and fight for what we believe in even if that means stepping on someone else’s toes along the way. Aristotle had thoughts on complication dating back to 335 B.C when he wrote Poetics- the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory. In it he analyzed tragedies and theorized that every tragedy

Influence Of A Slave s Point Of View - 1381 Words

The Influence of a Slave’s Point of View As taught, slavery existed for a good portion of American history from the 1620’s until its abolishment in 1865. Its existence created a big controversy over the morality of white Americans and challenged Americans ideal of a free country in a multitude of ways. As brutal as present-day Americans think of slavery, is the same way the abolitionists thought of it then, especially after reading Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave by former slave Frederick Douglass. This narrative became a big deal when published in 1845 for its influences that it had on the white Americans that were ignorant to the brutality of slavery. The narrative was purposely created to move the emotions†¦show more content†¦This then leads to the other argument that slaves need to be governed like children, according to George Fitzhugh’s excerpt from â€Å"The Universal Law of Slavery.† Fitzhugh uses the idea of paternalism to make a claim against the idea of slavery’s brutality. His argument is that slaves do not have enough intelligence to make their own decisions and that they are happy to slaves because they get the resources they need to live and they don’t have to worry about making complicated decisions like the adult American. Fitzhugh also makes a claim against the northern factory laborers work in which he refers to as being more uncomfortable than being a slave. James Henry Hammond furthers this argument in 1858 by recognizing the idea that the slaves of the South are incapable of recognizing their enslavement and therefore, are made by God, to serve as free labor for the white race. Religion also plays an important role in the pro-slavery argument. Just as Hammond agreed that slaves are made inferior by God, he furthers this notion in his excerpt from â€Å"Letter to an English Abolitionist† by quoting specific words of the bible that support his point that slaves are what God considers to be â€Å"bond smen forever.† Because America is supposed to have been based on high morale of religion, this biblical support allowed slaveholders to feel morally right in their pro-slavery decision. These arguments were deemed legitimate for a while until Frederick Douglass’s narrative proved the

Scarcity of Geological Minerals

Question: Discuss about the Scarcity of Geological Minerals. Answer: Introduction: Modern industrialisation has created massive demand for scarcest geological minerals such as zinc, antimony and molybdenum. Currently, most limited mineral resources may have become exhausted if the extraction of the scarcest minerals continues to surge. Meanwhile, the increase in demand and production shortfall of the most limited geological minerals can fuel higher prices of the mineral resources. By following the historical trend of the rarest geological minerals, many of mineral resource has faced geological scarcity at the highest level leading the price surge. Meanwhile, the study of Henckens, van Ierland, Driessen, and Worrell (2016) on geological scarcest mineral resources identified how the extraction of the most limited minerals continues to surge in demand leading to exhaustion of the mineral resources. On the other hand, the impact of the same on the relevant metal industry has been evaluated providing distinct evidence. In the discussion, the role of public investment in the mining industry and the government policy on this event has been criticised (Henckens et al., 2016). Understandably, the production of zinc, antimony, molybdenum and other scarcest geological minerals has been cut down to a reasonable limit fuelling massive price surge. Also, the increase of mineral consumption per capita has become another serious issue. Precisely, the scarcity of geological minerals may lead to economic scarcity in developed economies. Global industrialisation has increased the demand of mineral resources at the highest level. Meanwhile, the production of the mineral resources has not been increased according to the demand due to limited resources of scarcest geological minerals. As a result of the scenario, the mineral producing countries such as Australia, USA, and European nations have faced stiff challenges to deal with the situation. Due to lack of production of minerals such as Zinc, Lead, antimony and molybdenum, the price of the commodity has increased radically (Henckens et al., 2016). On the other hand, the metal producing industry, and metal industry have to pay the price for increasing price of scarcest minerals. Due to price surge of minerals, the cost of production of metals such as aluminium, copper, nickel has to be increased creating a direct pressure of inflation. Also, the public investment of mining industry has created the scarcity of the minerals more than ever. Arguably, during the past five decades, industrialisation has caused significant consumption of minerals (Christmann, 2013). The study of the article has been evaluated to identify how substitute procedure can mitigate the issue of scarcity of mineral resources. The downfall in the geological mineral resources has resulted in the fall in supply of various regularly used minerals. It can be seen though research that the production has fallen by around 50 percent, whereas the demand increases on with the development of the manufacturing and metal industry (Bleischwitz and Bringezu, 2008). Hence, the rise in the price of the products is the primary step that has been taken by the metal extracting industry to control the rising demand and falling supply of geological minerals (Christmann, 2013). For example, comparing the price of zinc in February 2015 and February 2016, it can be seen that the price has risen by more than 100 percent. A supply diagram has been presented below for better understanding of the steps taken by the metal extracting industry to meet the challenges of minerals as scarce resource in Australia. Figure: Fall in Supply of Minerals Source: (Avery, 2007) Considering the above diagram, it can be seen that the supply of minerals have decreased in the recent years due to no discovery of new mineral resources in Australia. On the other hand, the demand has kept on increasing due to rise in the production level in all across the globe (Avery, 2007). Hence, it can be seen that the supply curve has shifted towards the left from S to S1 and the demand curve has shifted from D to D1 resulting in rise in a huge rise in the price of minerals in Australia and several other regions of the world (Avery, 2007). In order to meet the crisis of minerals, the government of Australia has undertaken different initiatives and introduced new policies. The Minerals Council of Australia has developed teams to discover new mines for minerals such as zinc, aluminium, copper, nickel and others (Henckens et al., 2016). The team of experts in geological excavation are conducting different researchers and projects to find new sources of minerals in the country. Some of the projects have been initiative in the regions of Queensland, Tasmania and several places in Australia (Henckens et al., 2016). Along with that, the government has introduced a floor pricing policy to maintain a minimum rate in the mineral industry to balance the profitability of the metal extracting companies and metal buyers in the Australian market. On the other hand, the Minerals Council of Australia has undertaken several educational programs to minimise the use of scarce minerals in the country (Bleischwitz and Bringezu, 2008). It ha s been believed by experts that if no new mineral resources are discovered, the stock of scarce geological minerals will be exhausted in the coming five to ten decades. Hence, it is important for the government and common people to use geological minerals in a sustainable manner to keep them available for the future generations (Henckens et al., 2016). Furthermore, the Minerals Council of Australia has started an initiative to develop substitutes of the scarce minerals that are undersupplied in the Australian market. The review of the article has identified how large industrial production in the developed as well as emerging economies has influenced the demand for mineral resources. Moreover, the major supplying countries of the scarcest minerals such as Australia, China, the United States of America, and European countries have not found any substitute for limiting the consumption of the minerals. As a result of the phenomenon, the extraction of scarcest minerals is rapidly surging due to global demand. Therefore, high-quality mineral producing nations such as Australia have faced significant challenges to meet the global demand. Moreover, the cost of production and geological scarcity of mineral resources has been identified as one of the primary outcomes of the event. References Avery, J. (2007).Energy, Resources, and the Long-Term Future. 1st ed. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. Bleischwitz, R. and Bringezu, S. (2008). Global Governance for Sustainable Resource Management.Minerals Energy - Raw Materials Report, 23(2), pp.84-101. Christmann, P. (2013).Mineral resources: should we fear a shortage?. [online] Paristechreview.com. Available at: https://www.paristechreview.com/2013/02/12/mineral-resources-shortage/ [Accessed Nov. 2016]. Henckens, M., van Ierland, E., Driessen, P. and Worrell, E. (2016). Mineral resources: Geological scarcity, market price trends, and future generations.Resources Policy, [online] 49, pp.102-111. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420716300861.

The Bookseller Essay Research Paper The Bookseller free essay sample

The Bookseller Essay, Research Paper The Bookseller # 183 ; Fans of famous person memoirs will hold an unprecedented scope to take from this fall, provided they do non take a firm stand that the stars come merely from the A list. Indeed, the alphabet may non be long plenty to sort some of the memoirists on offer. This genre enjoyed an extraordinary and slightly dismaying roar last twelvemonth. It # 8217 ; s alarming because the books cost a batch of money: progresss in surplus of # 163 ; 500,000 are usual. Nevertheless, a surprisingly high per centum of them did good. Robbie Williams # 8217 ; s Somebody, Someday, which cost Random House # 163 ; 800,000, was a immense success ; as was Victoria Beckham # 8217 ; s Learning To Fly, which cost Penguin even more but which earned back # 163 ; 750,000 merely from a consecutive trade. Pamela Stephenson # 8217 ; s Billy, bought for an unrevealed progress that was surely less than the 1s above, was the biggest hit of all, selling more than 1 million transcripts in hardcove r and now sitting at the top of the charts once more in its paper-back book edition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bookseller Essay Research Paper The Bookseller or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even Bruce Forsyth # 8217 ; s and Frank Skinner # 8217 ; s memoirs, which were regarded as letdowns # 8211 ; each sold about 75,000 hardcover transcripts # 8211 ; would hold been seen as successes had their publishing houses non invested irrecoverable sums of money in them. The blue failures were rare ; unluckily for Anthea Turner, everyone found out that she was one of them. Overall, the book industry got off with these gambles. Insiders agreed that publishing houses would be rash to take similar hazards in fall 2002. But it is non in publishing houses # 8217 ; natures to acquire out while they # 8217 ; re in front. Publishers know that these books become immense Sellerss merely if the famous persons are at the top of their professions, have gripping narratives to state, are popular, and are non over-exposed. However, they have splashed out on the followers, non many of whom measure up on all four counts: Roy Keane, Murray Walker, Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan, Melanie B, Michael Barrymore, Geri Halliwell, Alan Titchmarsh, Ruby Wax, Kate Adie, Nicole and Natalie Appleton, Ulrika Jonsson, Dale Winton, Lulu, and David Essex. Keane and Walker will be best sellers, even if they do non gain back their # 163 ; 1m-plus progresss. Kate Adie will besides be popular, and Alan Titchmarsh is a dependable supplier of hit books. After that, the odds lengthen. These are people who have lost some of their pulling power, and who will not be able to get away – as the biggest stars can – with dull books. We shall have to wait until September to find out if the Appletons’ Together (Michael Joseph) really is a â€Å"brave and honest† â€Å"anti-celebrity† book, and whether Melanie B’s Catch a Fire (Headline) will be, as her publisher promised a trade gathering, â€Å"as outspoken and outrageous as she is†.  · Jeff Bezos, founder of online retailer Amazon, picked the name of his company to suggest the scale of what he would offer: every book in print, and now an expanding range of goods including music, DVDs, electrical goods, computers, home goods, mobile phones, and numerous services. The name has acquired connotations of dominance too. Amazon.co.uk is by far the largest internet bookseller in the UK. The second largest is Amazon.com, the original US site. The media giant Bertelsmann might have been expected to offer a serious challenge; but the Bertelsmann internet bookshop, called Bol, has given up the battle, and is to become a book club. Amazon runs the Waterstone’s site. Ottakar’s has retreated, and Blackwell’s concentrates on the academic market. Only WH Smith, among the large retailers, continues to run a general internet bookshop. It is not surprising that Amazon is telling publishers that its trading terms should reflect its increasing sales. But it is meeting some resistance and, as a result of breakdowns in negotiations, is not at present able to buy books directly from several leading publishers; it has to go to wholesalers instead. Book buyers should not notice any change in service: Amazon can get the books and dispatch them within 24 hours. But the company’s margins may be taking a temporary hit.  · Since suffering an annus horribilis in 1999/2000, when it had expanded too rapidly and when retailing was out of favour in the City, the booksel ling chain Ottakar’s has made a confident recovery. It has posted a decent set of half-yearly results, even showing a sales rise during the notoriously flat World Cup period, and has announced that it is to expand beyond its heartland in market towns to open in large towns and cities. The strategy will result in some interesting competition with Waterstone’s and the expanding Borders chain. · Nicholas Clee is editor of the Bookseller.

Yanomamo People of the Rainforest Essay Example For Students

Yanomamo: People of the Rainforest Essay Located in the Amazon Basin of Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil, the Yanomamo are an indigenous group numbering close to 23,000. They utilize slash and burn horticulture, hunting and gathering to survive within their ecosystem. Napoleon Chagnon termed the group, fierce people, citing their numerous disputes within non-allied villages. Aside from their periodic warfare, they have managed to build and sustain their unique culture through adaptations to their environment for generations. Family Organization Yanomamo families may live together as simply nuclear, polygnous, or extended (Ramos 1995, 188). Each house may have somewhere between one to six family compartments (Ramos 1995, 36). Alcida Rita Ramos explains that the nuclear family is very often so entangled in the web of kinship that, in order to define it, it is necessary to go through relatives who are primary neither to the husband nor to the wife (1995, 188). She states, the wife may be the mother of a mans children, the daughter of his mothers brother, and the daughter of his fathers sister (1995, 188). Frank A Salamone further explains the confusing kinship system they maintain by explaining that children of siblings of the opposite sex on both mothers and fathers side is the preferred marriage termed bilateral cross-cousin marriage (1997, 40). Apparently, another explanation for the difficulty in defining direct and indirect kin among the Yanomamo is in part due to their use of Teknonymy (Salamone 1997, 42). Ramos explains that Teknonymy does not allow for the use of personal names, meaning individuals are referred to, for example, as daughter of Suli or husband of Suli (1995, 188). In families, men do outrank women in status (Salamone 1997, 48). Women have little, if anything, to say about to whom they are married since marriages are often arranged for them before puberty (Salamone 1997, 40). Marriages are viewed as a mechanism to set up and strengthen relationships between family groups, though men are actually allowed to beat their wives (Salamone 1997, 40). Political Organization leader Their are approximately 22,500 Yanomamo spread among roughly 225 villages in the Amazon Basin (Salamone 1997, 34). Each village acts autonomously, but has alliances with other villages that carry on warfare periodically with disputing villages (Salamone 1997, 47). Salamone explains that no single person leads a Yanomamo village and political decisions are made by individual villages by consensus (1997,47). He further explains that though a number of researchers refer to the Yanomamo as an egalitarian society, the Yanomamo see themselves as more of an achievement based society in which people may gain prestigious status, though no one person can speak for the group (1997, 47). To support this claim, Ramos identifies the Yanomamo community as its most meaningful political unit, with the village as its territorial base (1995, 109). Interesting to note also, is Salamones argument that trade acts as an integral part of their political process. He explains that trade helps insure peace between otherwise independent villages and provides a stimulus to the Yanomamos main political forum, the intervillage feast where many political issues are resolved through trade and marriage arrangements (1997, 48). Physical Geography and Climate map The Yanomamo live in the tropical rainforests of Brazil and Venezuela. Their villages are centered around Sierra Parima and range east to west from the Rio Orinoco and its tributaries to the tributaries of Uraricoera-Branco (Smoles 7). This region is fairly mountainous with altitudes ranging from 374 to more than 7700 feet above sea level. The average temperature is 80 degree Fahrenheit. The maximum temperature is about 91 degrees, while monthly averages range from 76 degrees in July to 84 degrees in March (Smoles 34). Average annual rainfall exceeds 140 inches, which is evenly distributed throughout the year. Most heavy rains tend to occur after 3pm, but it rains at all hours of the night and day (Smoles 34). The rainforests that the Yanomamo inhabit include both riverine lowland and tropical highland. Both habitat subtypes contain huge vine-covered trees and are relatively free of underbrush. Warm and damp all year round, these forests smell faintly of decaying organic matter and are filled with the constant drone of insects and frequent calls of birds and monkeys (Smoles 9). pretty view Subsistence The top soil of these tropical rainforests is an acidic and nutrient poor type of soil called laterite. Without the protective shading of forest vegetation, it quickly dries; irreversibly clumping into hard masses called ironstone. Erosion and the leaching of minerals also endanger the thin tropical soil (Moore, et al). To deal with these hazards, the Yanomamo practice shifting cultivation and other soil conservation methods. Although the Yanomamo supplement their diet with wild plant and animal food obtained through hunting and gathering, the bulk of their food comes from agriculture (Smoles 105). Seventy percent of their calories come from plantains (cooked bananas) alone (Smoles 117). The Yanomamo cultivate five major varieties of plantains ranging from red and purple varieties to a pale yellow type. They range in size from 6 to 10 inches long (Smoles 118). Tubers are the second most important crop. Starchy tubers such as New World yams, ocumo, shibujurimo, sweet potatoes, and sweet manioc are the most common varieties. Additionally, the Yanomamo grow bananas, peach palms, avacados, and papaya (Smoles 120). The Yanomamo practice shifting cultivation (Smoles 105). This cycle begins with the selection of a site for a new garden plot. In order to be selected, a site must be ishabena, which means good for growing plantains. In order to be ishabena, the site must be covered with trees that are full height. This prevents old garden sites from being re-cleared too early and allows the forest time to regrow (Smoles 108). When the site is cleared, the large trees are felled, the underbrush is uprooted, and the entire clearing is burnt. The ashes provide fertilizer and the burning kills the remaining plants and any seeds that are in the soil to prevent the immediate regrowth of the vegetation. Greek Theatre in 5th Century BCE EssayThey are already know how to gather wild foods. When families go trekking, they take along the mature crops from their gardens and obtain the rest of their food from wild sources in the forest. The Yanomamos consumption of wild foods increases from 10% of their diet to nearly 70% (Good 61). This also gives them more variety in their diet. Nutritionists stress variety as an essential component of a healthy, balanced diet. The abundance of game increases as the group travels farther from the overexploited land around the village. Hunting on treks provides the Yanomamo with two times more meat than hunting around the villages (Salamone 36). This increased intake of protein is necessary to maintain the health of the group. When living in the village, Yanomamo typically eat small portions of meat only twice a week (Good 63). The rest of their diet consists of garden crops that are high in vitamins and minerals, but lack protein (Good 61). This necessitates that they hunt. When the game supply near the village becomes depleted, the village must go on a trek. eating meat The Yanomamo are known for their fierce, aggressive natures and their frequent violent disputes. Disagreements can erupt at any time within a village or between villages. If a dispute occurs within a village, it is advantageous for the village to separate into two factions, each going on separate treks. This separation gives the groups time to cool down and make peace with each other. The village splits up into smaller groups when trekking even in peacetime because wild foods are widely dispersed and it is easier to forage for a small group (Good 63). War raids can also precipitate a departure on a trek. Often, after a group of warriors returns from a raid, their entire village will leave on a trek to prevent a revenge killing by the victims kin group. Another adaptive advantage of the trekking system is that it enables different groups within the village to explore possible cultivation sites and split off into new village groups. When population pressures become too intense in the old village, it is necessary for the group to split. This may happen when the group gets into a conflict and one portion decides to leave. Otherwise, a group within the village may begin cultivating gardens at a distant site while out on a trek. When their gardens are producing fully, they leave the village and build a new communal village shelter near their new garden site (Good 63). Research has indicated that Yanomamo abandon the adaptive behavior of trekking when conditions change so that it is no longer necessary. Yanomamo who have migrated and settled along rivers now cultivate fields and hunt across the river from their village as well as on their bank. They also have easy access to manufactured goods and learn from outsiders how to obtain new foods such as fish (Good 64). These factors distribute the communitys exploitative activities, enabling them to remain in their village year round. Groups of Yanomamo who have settled along rivers depart on fewer treks than woodland communities. Some villages that have settled along the river do not trek at all. This is evidence that trekking is an adaptive response to the Yanomamos inland rainforest environment. When conditions change, the Yanomamo adapt to maximize their efficiency in their new environment. Risk Management A great deal of research has been done on the Yanomamo which has made them well known among western culture. Salamone explains that their fame has been a valuable weapon in their self-preservation against the inroads of threats from modernization; such as the influx of illegal gold miners and development schemes that would destroy the ecological basis of their lives (1997, 33). Though they clearly did not intend to preserve their lifestyle though their fame, the Yanomamo do have several practices and behaviors that act as mechanisms of risk management, allowing them to regulate population and food availability in order to sustain themselves. As was previously stated, the Yanomamo live among a number of independent villages. Salamone explains that the spacing of the villages allows the amount of game to increase so each village has more available meat for their community (1997, 36). Another highly effective form of risk management is the Trekking they engage in, as was previously discussed. The Yanomamo spend between 40 and 60 percent of their time Trekking during the dry season (Salamone 1997, 36). Aside from helping to keep families together, trekking produces two times more food than if they simply hunted around their gardens (Salamone 1997, 36). Furthermore, trekking allows their fields to continue producing food and allows them to fulfill their protein needs, since their main crops of sweet potatoes, plantains, and bananas do no supply enough protein (Salamone 1997, 37). Polygamy also acts as means for survival, as it helps the villages increase the amount of help for cultivating and hunting the lands, and also keeps population up in times of warfare (Salamone 1997, 38). On the other hand, warfare can actually serve as a function of risk management because it can keep population down in the face of scarce protein supply (Salamone 1997, 38). Salamone states, warfare contributed to the Yanomamos ability to survive within the limitation of their ecosystem (1997, 38). The family and political organization of the Yanomamo distinguish them as a truly unique culture. Their subsistence techniques, adaptive behaviors such as trekking, and risk management strategies have helped them maintain their culture for many generations. Though their environment is harsh, and the modern world is encroaching on their boundaries, the Yanomamo continue to survive and sustain their culture.

Pacifism And Christianity Essays - Peace, Pacifism,

Pacifism And Christianity Jesus spoke of it, Kahlil Gibran wrote about it, Mahatma Ghandi demonstrated about it, The Beatles sang about it and most importantly is has been shown through the ages by humble deeds - Peace that is. The way to peace is through love. Love cannot be forced and it cannot be found through sloth therefore for peace to flourish it must be wanted and acted upon accordingly by the people who will grow under it. However to have peace there must be only peace, it cannot be interrupted by acts of violence or aggression and it especially cannot exist when those who are supposedly working for it also engage in violent acts on the side. In other words pacifism is the only way to achieve peace. Catholicism supports pacifism but it also supports the Just-War Theory which is a set of rules that must be followed to make a war just. It includes: a just cause- war must confront a real and certain danger, competent authority- war must be declared by those responsible for public order, there must be right intentions and it must be a last resort. It is unclear how anyone could call themselves a Christian and fight in wars at the same time when in the Ten Commandments it clearly states "Thou shalt not kill". That phrase is alone, it is not followed by a list of exceptions and loop holes to the commandment. Next, Jesus, the founder of Christianity, said to "do unto others as you would have then do unto you". If a person is of sane mind that person does not wish to die therefore killing deliberately breaks Jesus' rule. Not only does being a Christian and fighting wars break simple rules of the faith but if you are a true believer in Christianity it is also absurd. What is the purpose of a so-called just war? To stop an immediate danger that threatens safety and peace and to protect but what do Christians have to protect and guard against when they believe that their kingdom is not of this Earth? If the Christian kingdom is with their god in the afterlife what kingdom that resides only on Earth could they possibly justify killing to protect? Or perhaps it is protecting their own and other lives. Although did Jesus protect his own life when Judas came to betray him? No, infact according to the Bible when an apostle drew a sword to protect Jesus' life Jesus stopped him and healed the wounded soldier. Furthermore what would be protected here on Earth when it is the Christian belief that the soul is the most important part. Should Christians act in a way that would hurt souls and save minds and bodies or act in a way that saves souls but leaves minds and bodies to die? Perhaps waging war to stop a threat such as Nazi's from overtaking the world because in doing so they would destroy peace and love along with Christianity. The only argument that can be made for pacifism here is that if you are a Christian you are to have faith that your god will protect you especially if you are following your faith in spite of the fact that is might get you and many others killed. In the end war is not peace and the two cannot both exist at the same time. It is one or the other. John Lennon made the statement "All you need is love" which is so simple yet so hard to follow and see. Peace and love have become almost interchangeable with each other because they are so very much alike. With peace there is inner contentment and with love there is benevolence, kindness and fraternity toward all life. The two forms compliment each other in such a way that it is either not possible to have one without the other or it is just foolish to have only one. This being said it is true that pacifism is the only way to have peace because peace and love are so close yet war is the opposite of peace so it cannot logically be reasoned that war is close to peace. John Lennon's statement could just have easily been "All you need is peace". Peace brings with it prosperity, knowledge and opportunity. War brings death and the wasting of resources however it can be used to energize a nation's economy and patriotism but the result of war outweighs the good side of war. Pacifism

Orenthal James OJ Simpso... free essay sample

Orenthal James OJ Simpson was born in July 9th, 1947. OJ Simpson was a former NFL football player, actor but also known for murdering Nicole Brown Simpson and the friend Ronald Goldman. Simpson attended college at the University of Southern California USC and was also a football star and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968. In 1994, Simpson was charged with a very huge crime, killing Nicole Simpson and her friend. OJ Simpson was discharged in a criminal trial, although he was found for their deaths in the court. In 2008, Simpson was sentenced to up 33 years in prison for kidnapping and armed robbery of two sports, drug dealers in Las Vegas hotel in 2007. The way Simpson caught attention on the news media, particularly television, was amazing. This was 1994, a harsh, primitive time with just one cable news network, no Internet, no social media, no TMZ. If it happened today, just imagine what would ensue. We will write a custom essay sample on Orenthal James OJ Simpso or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But its to the power of the O.J. story that it could take over the nation in an era when the media were much less pervasive. As the investigation went on the crime was still not collected and with many officers, detectives, and investigators going on and on about the situation all the prints were lost and gone. Some of a the evidence they bagged together causing germs between the evidence. The LAPD is mainly the reason Oj got not guilty by making mistakes that should have not been made. On top of all the security of LAPDs storage and lab were giving access to unattended, 1, 5mL of blood taken from Oj went missing and believed the blood was used as planting evidence, Also, while Ojs bronco was at the impound yard it was entered at least twice unattended. One of the first detectives to show up to the scene was Mark Furhan, all of his evidence was discredited by the prosecution when he was said to be racist and accused of planting evidence. When on the stand he pleaded to the Fifth Amendment so then all of his evidence was ruined.In the criminal case Oj never had to take the stand. In the case Oj Simpson could not invoke the Fifth Amendment, which forced him testify. In conclusion, Oj Simpson was found not guilty. Even with as much evidence they had that lead him to be the murder, you blame the LAPD for him being found not guilty by all the mistakes they made ruining the investigation. I think Oj really didnt do it and all the evidence was planted thats why there was so many crucial mistakes

Research Paper on Corporation and Security of Staff Devices

Research Paper on Corporation and Security of Staff Devices Research Paper on Corporation and Security of Staff Devices Abstract In the past, people could only use computers owned and managed by a company, and no one would think of lugging in their personal computers (PC) to use in the company. However, today, many things have become quite different. Many employees use personal devices such as tablets, smart phones, and many other gadgets that promote efficacy in communication. The use of these handheld devices by the staffs within an organization has provided services as well as a constant connectivity to workers. Despite the merits of new technological devices in a corporation, they are presenting new threats to the corporate assets (Mitchell, 2004). Research Problem The employees’ personal devices are causing ongoing concern in most companies concerning information security. For example, there are sensitive corporate information which can easily be transported as well as lost by using these devices. However, the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) movement in most organizations has led to an increasing number of expensive security incidents. The main problem in this case is that most corporations are still relying on the staff personal devices such as personal laptop for business (Loader, Biggs, 2002). These ancient devices do not have the same security level than those of the company leading to serious security threats to corporate information. This research proposal will discuss on the use of personal devices within the corporate as well as the security issues associated with the use of these devices (Burke, 2006). The issue of security level has become very problematic to many organizations since the employees using these devices usually jeopardize company security through loss and theft, malware, spam, phishing and Bluetooth (Zachary, 2004). It is evident that the use of staff personal devices is growing rampantly and affecting the corporate of all sizes. Therefore, the organizations that allow their staff to bring in personal organization in the premises should ensure that there is proper security implemented to control these risks (Quigley, 2008). From the research collected in various organizations, it is indicated that about 93% of the staffs have mobile devices that connect to the corporate networks and 67% allow personal devices to connect to corporate networks. It is also evident that the staff personal devices are causing challenges especially for the corporate IT security department (Mitchell, 2004). Most of the companies that allowed personal devices to access their networks, it was reported that the employees used their own smart phones, tablets, and other devices to handle business information leading to security issues (Zdziarski, 2008). The most common challenge faced by the IT corporations include the secu rity breaches particularly regarding the corporate information, tracking and controlling access to corporate and private networks, and managing personal devices containing the corporate as well as personal data and applications (Relationship and Resource Management in Operations, Securities Institute Operations Management, 2003). Aim of the Research The research proposal will discuss the corporation reliance on staff using their personal laptop, smart phones for business purposes. The justification for focusing on this issue is that the employees’ personal devices seem not to possess the same security level like those of the company. The aim of this research paper is to contribute to the understanding of various risks issues that are brought upon by using personal devices within an organization (IFPO, 2010). Significance of the Research Most staff members often feel comfortable using their own devices as opposed to using the corporate machines. In the United States of America, about 46% of the businesses are today allowing their staffs to use personally owned PCs (Steinberg, 2007). Several researches in this sector, such as the information technology research and advisory company continue reporting that in the future, employers will require their employees to supply their own devices to be used for business purposes (Lee, Swartz, 2007). Today, the significance of using personal computers is mainly focuses on the factors of choice and convenience for employees as well as saving costs for the employers. Most corporations rely on the staffs’ personal devices because they cause a significant time shift in the working behavior of the employees (Keyes, 2010). However, some corporations that allow staffs to carry their personal devices in the company have become successful in certain respects (Winch, 2010). For ins tance, the devices enable employees to conveniently send and reply to emails at any time, and from any location. This particularly applies to situations where the staff members are taken to do a field research by the organization (Reddy, 2010). Personal devices have enabled catching up on emails to be quite easy and fitted with employee performance. By using the devices, employees quickly handle even the most challenging tasks by relying on the personal devices for communication while managers can obtain prompt responses to their enquiries as well (Keyes, 2002). The other benefit of using personal devices in corporate is that the users will find the devices to be always at hand as compared to big machines implemented within the organizations. Therefore, staff members tend to have ready access to the businesses, personal information as well as check on the organizations latest business figures. The ready access to information offers a greater choice in a way the staff members work (Mahmood Szewczak, 2010). Research Methodologies Mobility can bring both advantages as well as risks to the corporate. As the staff members bring their personal devices into the workplace, most organizations are motivated to encourage the use of these devices for business purposes because they increase employee productivity within the premises (Lucas, 2012). Personal devices especially the portable ones can give the employees access to the corporate resources and continuous collaboration with business partners. The other advantage of using these devices is that they reduce the IT costs by allowing employees to often pay for their own personal devices rather than rely on the ones provided by the company. Therefore, most companies save IT spending on the device purchases and communication services (Zdziarski, 2008). The research also showed that the use of personal devices for work has become very consistent across all the sampled companies (Winch, 2012). Little variation was seen in the number of businesses claiming that they have p ersonal devices on their corporate networks, from the smallest business, which is about 65 % to the largest 68%. Corporation reliance on employees using their personal laptops and smart phones would promote productivity as this allows flexibility and mobility (Wolowitz, Tharp, Rubin, 2010). However, over-reliance on employees’ personal gadgets would compromise the security of corporate data and information. Therefore, the corporate needs to recognize that when the employees connect mobile devices to the organizations systems, the devices must then be treated just like any IT equipment with appropriate security controls (Keyes, 2010). The security issues of these devices should be addressed by the corporate at the outset because the devices used may become a point of security weakness, which threatens to disclose business information. It is evident that most hackers have discovered that the staff members carrying their personal devices to the corporate may have linked both business and personal data within the system (Snoyer, 2004). Therefore, it would be easy for the hackers to get more and more information regarding the corporate. Given that personal devices platforms have not been natively designed to provide comprehensive security, hackers have a strong incentive of developing new techniques or create the mobile-centric malware for the devices (Zdziarski, 2008). Access to Data The access of data to this research proposal will be gained by using both the primary and secondary sources. The data will also be collected using interviews and questionnaires for the corporate who allow their workers to bring in their personal devices to the organization. Access to these data will not be conditional because many corporate have for many years endured security issues in regards to allowing the staff to bring in their personal devices to the organization (Burke, 2006). Ethical Issues In the research Employees can compromise the security of a corporation by abusing their personal devices in various ways (Schultz, 2006). For instance, they may use these devices for other functions other than the stipulated official purposes. Blogging and spending so much time on social networking sites are other forms of abuse that eat into staff working hours and bring unnecessary costs to the organization (Melky Harnest, 2010). These issues can be addressed by pre-programming the devices or network proxy for authentication and access control. Conclusion Employees who bring their personal computers within the corporate usually do this for personal convenience and they are privy to the fact that they are publicizing their preferences even to hackers. The number of organizations that allow their staff to use their personal devices such as smart phones and iPhones are at an all-time high because these companies tend to give the employees greater say over their used devices. Today, workers on the other hand are also driving the tablet sales and point to tablets as the preferred method of consuming content. Caution should be taken by the corporations and employees to ensure that corporate information is secured away from the reach of hackers. Visit our research paper writing service which will help you with writing a research paper on any topic and discipline. Just visit our writing company!

Stele of Hummurabi essays

Stele of Hummurabi essays Who wrote the earliest writing code law? Hammurabi was the ruler who chiefly established the greatness of Babylon, the world's first metropolis. He is the earliest-known example of a ruler proclaiming publicly to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. Hammurabi's most famous claim to fame is his law code. The code is inscribed on a magnificent stele of black diorite, eight feet high, found at Susa in A.D. 1902. Formerly it had stood in Babylon, but the Elamites carried it off when they conquered Babylon in the twelfth century B.C. It is now in the Louver Museum in Paris. At the top of the stele is a finely sculptured scene showing Hammurabi standing before the sun god Shamash (the patron of law and justice), who is seated and is giving the laws to Hammurabi. Beneath the scene the laws are inscribed in beautiful cuneiform characters in fifty-one columns of text. The code is inscribed on a tall black-basalt stele that was carried off as booty to Susa in 1157 B.C., together with the Naram-Sin stele. At the top is a relief depicting Hammurabi in the presence of the flame-should-dered sun god, Shamash. The king raises his hand in respect. The god bestows on Hammurabi the authority to rule and to enforce the laws. The sculptor depicted Shamash in the familiar convention of combined front and side views, but with two important exceptions. His great headdress with its four pair of borns is in ceptions. His great deaddress with its four pairs of borns are true profile so that only four, not all eight, of the horns are visible. And the artist seems to have tentatively explored the notion of forehortening a device for suggesting dept by repersenting a figure or object at an angle, rather than frontally or in profile. The gods beard is a series of diagonal rather than horizontal lines, suggesting its revession from the picture plane. ...

5 New Year’s resolutions for your career in 2019

5 New Year’s resolutions for your career in 2019 ‘Tis the season†¦ to come up with all the ways your life will be better, more healthy, and more profitable next year. In a few weeks, all our best intentions will kick in and we’ll be ready for changes. Some may stick, and some may not, but it’s always good to have a plan. Here are some resolutions you can dedicate yourself to in order to boost your career in 2019.Resolutions to boost your career in the coming yearResolve to be more accountableThe reason so many New Year’s resolutions fail is that although we’re great at coming up with things we need and want to improve, actually getting the work done tends to get lost in the realities of everyday life and routine. If you want to make lasting changes to your professional fortunes in 2019, start by committing to a set of (reasonable) goals. If you lay out your goals and write down the steps you’ll need to take to get there, you’re more likely to stick to them. Setting small goals al ong the way and having the satisfaction of ticking them off makes distant year-long goals seem more attainable and may keep you on the right path.Resolve to take the next step in your career, even if you’re not ready to quitâ€Å"Find a new job† is a pretty common resolution. But if you don’t want to leave your job, job hunting isn’t the only way to move up. Think about what it will take to get a promotion in your current gig. What skills will you need? Start working on those. What does that next step look like? Talk to your boss and let him or her know that you’re looking to take the next step, and discuss your options for taking on more responsibilities, getting more training, or doing whatever you need to do to level up.Resolve to be less stressedWork stress is not only an impediment to your goals, but it can also damage your health and overall happiness. Resolve to find good outlets for work stress. Maybe it’s a new hobby. Maybe itâ€⠄¢s arriving at work half an hour early to have some peaceful time before emails need answering and coworkers start arriving for the day. Whatever would help you feel more calm and centered when things are chaotic, try to build some of it into your routine on a daily basis.Resolve to build your networkYour professional network is one of the best assets you have in your career. It can be a sounding board, or a pipeline to new opportunities. Unfortunately, social media is a double-edged sword here- it makes it easier to add people to your network, but also easier to keep those relationships shallow and stagnant without having to put in much effort.To get the most out of your network, build relationships outside of Facebook likes and LinkedIn notifications. Start with your existing network and think about which relationships you’d like to polish. If you live in the same area as a key contact, have lunch with that person every few months. If you’re distant, drop an email t o get a conversation going.If you want to make your network bigger, set a goal of adding X number of new contacts per month- maybe find friends of friends who work in industries or at companies you’re interested in, or join professional meetups or other communities.Resolve to take more risksOne of the best things you can do, career-wise, is take a chance on new opportunities. This could mean taking on tasks or projects that are new to you, or attempting a new job that’s outside of your comfort zone. That’s not to say you should quit your job tomorrow and go where the job market takes you, but at least be willing to consider making changes outside your routine.The â€Å"new year, new you† novelty and enthusiasm may last about as long as your new January gym routine. However, if you approach them realistically and with commitment, the goals you set for your career now can help set you up for a whole year of successes and learning opportunities.

The Hybrid Status of Immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hybrid Status of Immigrants - Essay Example When a person happens to live in another community, which has different characteristics than the one he or she is born into, the individual becomes forced to accept some traits of that community and thus assumes a mixed personality. Immigrants, who migrate from their nation of origin to another country in the pursuit of education, job opportunities or business purposes, hence will become hybrids as they latently possess the characteristics of their original culture and absorb some aspects of the new culture. While this transformation has its rewards, it plunges them into a state of belonging neither here nor there and forces them to live between two cultures and worlds. The essays, â€Å"Mother Tongue,† by Amy Tan and, â€Å"To the Border,† by Richard Rodriguez, deftly illustrate the torment of immigrants as they deal with the consequences and dangers of living between worlds. Amy Tan dwells on the issues that language creates for an average immigrant in the new land, w here he or she migrates to. Most of the times either they are unable to understand the mechanics of the new language or they cannot completely eschew the nuances of their original language and its cultural impacts. Tan, from her personal experience show that the people in America look down on immigrants, who are not capable of speaking the language as the natives do and hardly listen to them or assist them. Her mother, who speaks â€Å"broken or fractured English† in the US, confronts a lot of problems because she cannot converse with the natives in a befitting style (Tan, p.2). Her stockbroker ignores her demands and delays sending her the check because she is not able to talk to him properly.

Fire Department Safety Officer Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fire Department Safety Officer - Article Example This means that at this stage the Incident Commander is reactive in the delegation of his fire fighter duties (Dodson, 2007, p.56). Therefore if an Incident officer is going to make the much needed difference in the fire scene, the delegation of such safety functions need to be proactive. The concept of proactive ISO response therefore entails the pre-planning of an ISO response to cover the essential details of an efficient ISO system (Dodson, 2007, p.57). A fire department ought to practice this method in order to firstly ensure that it streamlines its efficiency practices. This will be best achieved by creating operational frameworks that aim to reduce the impacts of disasters by prevention rather than those that aim to clean up the messes once they have occurred. A proactive response is better because it helps in the preparedness of the department to cope with emerging challenges. This it does by preparing the incident commanders to have contingency measures in place for any eventual outcome. Further, a reactive delegation of the ISO hinders effective mobilisation of the resources to respond to the situation as it will be mobilisation after the fact. This encounters challenges of inadequate resources as the required resources might be tied up in other activities. Proactive responses however are better adapted to dealing with such emerging challenges as they are designed to anticipate emergencies and thus resources are readily available to deal with

US HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US HISTORY - Essay Example The north purchased raw cotton and converted it into finished goods using the cotton grin, leading to disparity between the two. As a result, substantial differences in economic attitudes were realized. Since the period of the revolution, differences emerged between those arguing that the federal government needed to have more control and those arguing for greater states’ rights (Huston 173). The thirteen states formed a rather loose confederation with quite a weak federal government. This weakness enabled the leaders to come together when problems arose and create in secrecy the U.S constitution. Most people felt that this constitution ignored the rights of states to continue being independent. This resulted to the idea of nullification, and when this never worked out they moved towards secession. Growth of the abolition movement was another cause. The northerners become more polarized against slavery in which the southern depended so much on slaves for their cheap labor. Some key events such as the publishing of Harriet Beechers Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and others held individuals responsible for harboring fugitives even if they were on non-slave states. Following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, South Carolina issued its declaration of secession and believed that Lincoln was antislavery and favored the interest of the northern people hence living the southerners out (Huston 181). The fight between slave and the non-slave state proponents took center stage, and this was the main reason for this civil war. This led to wars even in the floor of the senate when antislavery discussions were being

2nd Degree Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

2nd Degree Murder - Essay Example Some individuals are overly sensitive to some conditions that would be generally harmless to other people. In such a situation, it is easy to deliver justice since accidental cases would be remedied accordingly under the other homicide classifications. In New Jersey, the 62nd State’s General Assembly of 1837 deliberated and passed among other important resolutions that the State would need to be governed, the punishment of death. In the homicide intricacies that the General Assembly had to deal with, as observed above was to distinguish the various classes or degrees of homicide. Three general classifications were found to be definitive of the challenge earlier highlighted of the actual case parameters such as the intent of causing death and general threat to the entire population. Legislation effected later had a considerable reliance on the resolution passed in the General Assembly sitting of 1838. Alternatively, comparisons were made to consolidate the postulates of the American law with the prevalent common law practices. Contained in this discussion is the legislation in New Jersey and the common law position of homicide category of second degree of murder. In light of the elements of the two sets of law and usages, th e changes that have occurred in the circles of legal practice regarding homicide cases of the specified nature are also discussed. According to Lanning and Vroom (2005), general statutes of the State of New Jersey provide that there shall be two degrees of murder distinguished by the intention of the perpetrator at the time of occurrence of the death. The authors provide the Supplement 271 among other General Statutes of the State of New Jersey which provides for the first degree of murder to constitute such death caused by actions of an individual who commits the crime willfully, deliberately and in a premeditated account. The Supplement 271 continues to state that the other forms of murder fall under the second degree of

Mental health and crime casestudy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mental health and crime casestudy - Essay Example Hayley’s story is just one case study of many that victimizes the mentally challenged for being unable to constructively handle their disease and/or their afflictions. In actuality, those struggling with their mental health fall to the wayside because of the way they are treated by their communities and society, and the many factors that come with their mental health, not because of it. Our culture cannot stigmatize people like Hayley anymore, people who might otherwise be productive. Though people with mental health issues often get help and lead to productive lives, much of the time society doesn’t deal with mental disorders in a constructive manner, both in a communal sense and for the best interest of the individual. First, there is the initial problem in defining what a â€Å"mental disorder† actually is. According to Andrew E. Skodol’s book Psychopathology and Violent Crimes, this question can be traced back to Aristotle, where â€Å"confusion about the reality of a situation might provide a moral excuse for persons who acted unlawfully in response to their beliefs (Skodol, 1998).† Jeremy Coid did a study of men in U.K. prisons and the results showed that many of them tested positively for borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Coid did not make any conclusions as to what specifically differentiated these men from their U.K. counterparts who resided in mental health centers, though he did conclude that â€Å"low socioeconomic status, family dysfunction and inadequate parenting seem to form the genesis of violent behavior (Butterfield, 1997).† The Great Britain Penal System seems to be (in comparison to their American penal system counte rpart) more understanding in nuances and distinctions of where to place people who have been convicted of crimes yet are diagnosed with

Baring Bank Case Essay Example for Free

Baring Bank Case Essay The Fall of sanngs sank The story of Barings Bank shows how overconfidence, coupled with poor internal control, can even bring down an historic financial institution. Below we provide a few teaching points. Nick Leeson seemed to have all the characteristics of an overconfident trader. As described in the chapter, excessive trading, lack of diversification, and too much risk were obviously present. Self-attribution bias seemed to play a major role. One commentator notes that Leeson got overconfident after initial trades were successful and] when he started to lose money, got way too aggressive trying to make it up. When Leeson was asked about his actions, he explained that l was determined to win back the losses [ ] I was well down, but increasingly sure that my doubling up and doubling up would pay off , thereby overestimating his abilities by thinking he could outperform the market even after severe losses. A case study into the affair concluded that it was overconfidence that led Nick Leeson to bet his reputation. But, as Saul Hansell of The New York Times stated, It isnt Just rogue traders loose annons stretching internal rules on trading desks who have destroyed their investors wealth. Money managers who play by the rules can get caught up short, too, when they fall to overconfidence about their mastery of the markets. He further wrote that, It is no secret that traders, as a class, are a young, independent and cocky bunch. The sheer size of the money they are Juggling can lead toa master-of-the- universe attitude. The Fall of Barings sank Barings Bank was founded in 1762 as the John and Francis Baring Company by Sir Francis Baring. This bank was the oldest merchant bank in London, financed the Napoleonic Wars, and was the Queen of Englands own bank. In 1996, one man, Nick Leeson, managed to bring down Barings Bank, one of the oldest and most conservative financial institutions in the world, through his illicit trading activity. In 1989, Leeson Joined Barings Bank. After being transferred to Jakarta, Indonesia to sort through a back-office mess involving EIOO million of share certificates, Leeson solidified his reputation within Barings when he successfully rectified the situation in 0 months. Lesson also knew how to account for derivatives, even if he did not fully understand the complexities of their pricing. Therefore, in 1992, when Barings opened a new office in Singapore to trade on the expanding Singapore Mercantile Exchange (SIMEX), Leeson became an obvious candidate to manage it. Senior management at Barings Bank assumed that Leeson would turn the Singapore office into a highly profitable endeavor and therefore gave him extensive responsibility. As eliminated the necessary checks and balances usually found within trading rganizations. Soon he was Barings Banks star Singapore trader, bringing in substantial profits from trading on the Singapore exchange. By 1993, Leeson had made more than Elo million, about 10% of Baringss total profit for that year. In 1994, he delivered over half of the E52. 9 million in revenue for his division on his own, making many proclaim him as the miracle worker. In his autobiography Rogue Trader, Leeson said the culture at Barings was simple: We were all driven to make profits, profits, and more profits I was the rising star. Aided by his lack of upervision, the 28-year-old Nick Lesson promptly started unauthorized speculation in futures on the Nikkei 225 stock index and Japanese government bonds. SIMEX regulators were aware of Leesons cross-trading activities, and his breach of their exchange regulations, but did not act decisively to stop him. Leesons large trading volumes were quickly becoming important for the exchange, and being a lightly regulated market was central to SIMEXs stra tegy to woo trade from neighboring Osaka. Using futures contracts, Leeson speculated that the Nikkei would rise.

Does substance abuse cause mental disorders?

Does substance abuse cause mental disorders? Dual diagnosis between drug abuse and mental illness is very common. The two problems affect and interact with each other. The number of people diagnosed with a mental illness and substance went from 210,000 to 800,000 between the years of 1998-2003. (Druss MD, Bornemann, Fry-Johnson MD, McCombs PhD, Politzer, Rust MD, 2006) Substance abuse is the most common and clinically important dual disorder among adults with severe mental illness. Studies show that fifty percent of people with mental illness also have a substance abuse problem. (Saisan, Smith, Segal, 2010) And more than half the persons with a substance abuse diagnosis also have a diagnosable mental illness. (Saisan, Smith, Segal, 2010) Clinicians believe that mental illness and substance abuse are biologically and physiologically based. Although substance abuse and mental health disorders like depression and anxiety are closely linked, one does not directly cause the other. (Saisan, Smith, Segal, 2010) Both conditions can mirror each. PROBLEM STATEMENT: More and more people are suffering from a combination of substance abuse and mental health problems. Alcohol and/or drugs are often used to relieve the symptoms of a mental illness, side effects from their medications or just to cure symptoms they are having at the time. Alcohol and drug abuse can increase original risk for mental disorders and can make symptoms of a mental health problem worse. Substance abuse and mental illness commonly co-occur due to genetic factors, environmental factors, a brain disorder and/or a development disorders. Co-occurring disorders, two disorders or illnesses occur simultaneously in the same person, they are called dual diagnosis or co morbidity. (Topics in Brief, 2007) Treatment for this dual diagnosis has not been well designed. Clients have to go a treatment facility for mental health treatment and a different facility for substance abuse treatment. This kind of treat is not successful because this leaves the client trying to cope/manger a disorder on their own. It is almost impossible for them to manger the other disorder because if they could quit on their own they would not need treatment. It can be hard to diagnose a person with a dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance abuse. One of the things that makes diagnose hard is denial by the patient. Substance abuse and mental disorders commonly co-occur because of overlapping genetic vulnerabilities, overlapping environmental triggers like stress, involvement of similar brain regions, and drug abuse and mental illness are developmental disorders. (Topics in Brief, 2007) Having a dual diagnosis put a person at greater risk for relapse. Violence and suicide attempts are also more prevalent among the dually diagnosed population.http://www.onlinerecoverysupport.com/wp-content/uploads/borderline.jpg BACKGROUND: The problem of dual diagnosis became clinically clear in the early 1980s. (Drake R. P., 2001) Substance abuse and mental illness hinders your ability to function, handle life and have a healthy social life. Mental illnesses are mental conditions that disrupt a persons thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning. The World Health Organization has reported that four of the 10 leading causes of disability in the US are mental disorders. (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2010) Some of the major and the most common mental illness that occur with substance abuse are manic depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, generalize anxiety disorder and antisocial personality disorder. It is reported that about 57.7 million Americans experience a mental health disorder in a given year. (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2010) Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, refers to a maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not need to sustain life or to make it better. One in four US deaths can be attributed to alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug use. (Innovatory Combating Substance Abuse, 2010) The commonly abused drugs by people with a mental illness are alcohol, cocaine and/or marijuana. Substance abuse complicates some aspect of care for a person with a mental disorder. It provides challenges for the counselor to engage the individual in treatment.http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:HOCEVK5RjjC51M:http://i206.photobucket.com/albums/bb156/elgangster214/marijuana-2.jpg About 50% of individuals with severe mental disorders are affected by substance abuse. (Saisan, Smith, Segal, 2010) Thirty-seven percent of alcohol abusers and 53% of drug abusers also have at least on serious mental illness. (Saisan, Smith, Segal, 2010) See the chart below. The risk of developing a drug abuse problem while having a disorder goes as high as 15.5% for antisocial personality disorder and as low as 02.1% for phobias. The mental health problems that most commonly co-occur with substance abuse are depression, anxiety disorders, and bipolar disorder. (Saisan, Smith, Segal, 2010) When a person has a dual diagnosis of substance abuse and mental illness the clinician has to determine what are the symptoms/signs of the substance abuse and what are the symptoms/signs are from the mental illness. Disorders with Increased Risk of Drug Abuse Disorder Risk Antisocial personality disorder 15.5% Manic episode 14.5% Schizophrenia 10.1% Panic disorder 04. 3% Major depressive episode 04.1% Obsessive-compulsive disorder 03.4% Phobias 02.1% Source: National Institute of Mental Health. (Drug Abuse and Mental Illness Fast Facts, 2006) At least 60% of people fighting substance abuse or mental illness are fighting both at the same time. (Bouchex, 2007) Patients with mood, anxiety or drug disorders are about twice as likely to be diagnosed with the other as well. Figure 1 (Topics in Brief, 2007) The prevalence of these dual diagnoses does not mean that one condition caused the other, even if one appeared first. The high rates show the need for better treatment and treatment centers able to deal with both at the same time. http://www.nida.nih.gov/tib/images/tib_large_images/comorbid02.jpg WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Substance abuse can cause mental disorders due to the fact that, drug abuse can cause a mental illness, mental illness can lead to drug abuse, drug abuse and mental disorders are both caused by other common risk factors all three can contribute to the establishment of specific dual diagnosis of mental disorders and addiction. (Topics in Brief, 2007) FRAMEWORK/METHOD OF ANALYSIS: I began my search using Google and searched using the terms Substance abuse and Mental Illness. This resulted in nine articles that were relevant to my topic all of which I used as references. I then went to the Pub Med Central database and searched using the term substance abuse and mental illness and found many articles. I used four of those articles as references. The other references were found on website such as National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Drug Intelligence Center. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (LITERATURE REVIEW): This review looks at progress made in understanding the relation between drug abuse and mental illness. Volkow found that the relationship between substance abuse and mental illness is likely to reflect common contributing factors and brain substrates. (Volkow, 2001) One of the main factors substance abuse and mental illness have in common is stress. A question that still remains is the role that drug abuse has on causing psychosis in individuals with no previous psychiatric histories. Stimulant drugs induce psychosis because they increase extracellular dopamine concentration in the brain. However it does not explain why psychosis can continue after the stimulant drug is no longer present in the brain.brain image Regier, et al, broke his study down into specific mental disorders. This review found that of people with schizophrenia forty-seven percent has some form of substance abuse problem. People diagnosed with schizophrenia have a 4 times as likely then people who do not have schizophrenia to have a substance abuse problem. (Regier, et al., 1990) The odds for people diagnosed with anxiety disorders to have a substance abuse proplem were more than fourteen percent. It is believe that substance abuse may trigger mental illness in vulnerable individuals. Evidence show a complex explanation in which well-known risk factors- such as poor cognitive function, anxiety, deficient interpersonal skills, social isolation, poverty, and lack of structured activities combined to render people with mental illnesses particularly vulnerable to alcohol and drug abuse. (Drake, 2009) People that already have a mental disorder probably appear to be extremely sensitive to the effects of alcohol and other drugs, due to having a form of brain disorder. Drake, et al, explains the term dual diagnosis as misleading because people with a dual diagnosis are diverse and tend to have multiple illnesses rather than just two illnesses. Drake discusses how researchers have established some identical finding. First, co-occurrence is common. Second, dual diagnosis is associated with a variety of negative outcomes, including higher rates of relapse, hospitalization, violence, incarceration, homeless and serious infections such as HIV and hepatitis. (Drake R. P., 2001) Third, the mental health and substance abuse treatment system delivers fragmented and ineffective care. RESTATEMENT OF WORKING DIAGNOSIS (Hypothesis): There is evidence that substance abuse can lead to a mental disorder but also a mental disorder can also lead to a substance abuse, it is not known which comes first. Like the saying which comes first the chicken or the egg. It is said that having one of the diagnosis makes you vulnerable to the other. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:2wcgJmOO5cR8aM:http://deepwarriors.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/chicken-egg.jpg MANAGERIAL/POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS: Why people who are having a mental disorder are so prone to drug abuse raises a lot of questions due to the limited research done on the topic. The research so far is inconsistent and has failed to address a number of issues. There is a need for more research as well as more treatment center that are equipped to deal with dual diagnosis. The patient has two brain diseases that influence one another, and which both need treatment, at the same time. This is when dual diagnosis treatment is need. It is an approach used by clinicians to treat individuals affected by two co-occurring or coexisting conditions simultaneously. Dual diagnosis affects a person physically, mentally, spiritually, emotionally and socially. There is a need for an all-inclusive approach that identifies both disorders, evaluates both disorders, and at the same time treats both disorders. Many treatment centers now only treat one or the other. Substance abuse treatment are not recommended or designed to handle a ment al illness and vice versa. Awareness about the problem needs to be made public, so that people know the signs to look for and how to approach the person about their disorder correctly. Patients also need to be aware of the help that is available to them and support groups like Dual recovery Anonymous. There also needs to be better training for the counselors and physicians so that they will be able to better and accurately diagnosis patients. For recovery to be successful you must treats a clients addiction and mental health problem. http://www.bghealth.org/images/support%20group%20gif.gif Was Che Guevara a Successful Revolutionary? Was Che Guevara a Successful Revolutionary? The principal subject of historical debate surrounding Che Guevara is whether or not he succeeded as a revolutionary. The debate can become quite implausible as some regard him as a folk hero of mythical proportions. There is a sense of irony in that Guevara has become worldwide fascination as a commercial product, although Guevaras motive for the revolutionary uprising was to conquer capitalism. This thesis will argue the ways in which Guevaras legacy has been received and interpreted (listed below), as well as identifying the origins of his profound popularity. Description of Preliminary Research and Research Intentions: Main areas or issues you plan to discuss in your essay The overall focus is the interpretation of Che Guevara and his legacy over time. With this, the main topics of the debate are: The life of Che Guevara was one of controversy and thereby one must place emphasis into questioning the significance he holds in the pantheon of international revolutionary heroes and ideals. Herewith, the historian must evaluate Guevaras success from a political/empiricist perspective. The complete commitment to the revolutionary struggle to create a new man and a just/social order that continues to inspire those who struggle against social injustice. With this, one must investigate how these ideals impact on the post-Guevara population of modern-day society. To do this the historian must evaluate Guevaras success from a social perspective. Guevara has become a popular symbol while his image is too often dissociated from the legend that built it. With this, one must evaluate how and why his image has become a dominant face of contemporary popular culture. In relation to this debate, Guevara has ironically become an important image for money-wielding capitalists. Therefore, the historian must evaluate Guevaras success from a determinist/economic perspective. Project Synopsis The thesis explores specifically whether or not Che Guevara succeeded as a political revolutionary and a powerful icon in contemporary popular culture after his death. Guevaras life provides a significant historical debate as Guevara has often been criticised as a murderer, a hypocrite and a failure. His attempt to unite several Latin-American nations under a communist rule was unsuccessful, although he is often regarded as a hero to many of the inhabitants of these countries. The precise thesis question to be focused on is Evaluate the changing views on Ernesto Che Guevaras success and legacy following his death in 1967 to the present day. This question was developed as an investigation into how and why Guevara obtained an iconic status in society, and whether or not he is regarded as being a success or a failure. Originally, this question focused only on Guevaras failed attempt of uniting Latin-American nations and placed an inquiry into why Guevara became so popular. Through thorough research and academic critique, it was discovered that there were more sophisticated elements to the thesis question. The life of Che Guevara was one of controversy and thereby one must place emphasis into questioning the significance he holds in the pantheon of international revolutionary heroes and ideals. Guevara made a complete commitment to the revolutionary struggle to create a new man and a just/social order that continues to inspire those who struggle against social injustice. Herewith, one must investigate how these ideals impact on the post-Guevara population of modern-day society. Guevara has also become a popular symbol while his image is too often dissociated from the legend that built it. With this, one must evaluate how and why his image has become a dominant face of contemporary popular culture, as well as the face of marketisation. Different historians have produced varying answers to the specific question. In the thesis, the strength of these claims is explored in an attempt to resolve the issue of whether Guevara succeeded or not, but the sources themselves their motivation, influences and perspective are also explored to ensure that the different historical perspectives are not simply described, but evaluated. This focus question is resultantly a mix of history and historiography. Project Essay Ernesto Che Guevara remains a potent iconic presence in society, with his life the subject of new biographies, his visage on T-shirts, and his highly-regarded influence in the political spectrum. The Argentinean-born guerilla leader who helped Fidel Castro seize power in Cuba in 1959 remains one of the few unsullied heroes available to the political left. His thoughts (as evidenced in his book, Guerilla Warfare) on revolutionary strategy, bureaucracy, education, economics, the role of the party, internationalism, attitude to work and democratic centralism have been regarded as the force behind the Latin-American Revolutions. Guevara had an indomitable belief in the worth of education and was self-taught in economics and Marxism. Marxs concept that it is not enough to interpret the world, it must be transformed was at the heart of Guevaras life. Guevara strongly believed that key analytical concepts must be adapted and modified by practice. Guevara felt that the struggle against capitalism and the construction of a new socialist society required a new type of human being who would be willing to make personal sacrifices for the well-being of others. Historian Richard Harris states, His life as a revolutionary was a success as evidenced by the continuing significance he holds in the pantheon of international revolutionary heroes and ideals. The example he set of complete commitment to the revolutionary struggle to create a new man, freed from his alienation, educated and ready to struggle every day for his liberty and a just social/international order continues to inspire those who struggle against social injustice and oppression and seek to create a new social order based on the ideals of socialism. In this context, Che has in death succeeded more than he ever could have imagined. Historian Siles del Valle argues rather convincingly that Guevaras views on the new man motivated him, his comrades and the young Bolivian rev olutionaries who followed in their footsteps a few years later to sacrifice their lives for a new society and a new kind of human being. Many of the adherents of this theology of the new man established close links with popular revolutionary movements throughout the region. In Bolivia, after the failure of Guerillas guerilla movement, and in other countries such as Chile, Brazil and Peru, the most progressive sectors of the church, influenced by the ideals of liberation theology, associated themselves with Marxist and neo-Marxist revolutionary movements. In Bolivia, this tendency resulted in the participation of certain younger members of the Christian Democratic Party in a revolutionary guerilla movement that attempted to establish a base of operations in 1970 around the mining town of Teoponte, north of the capital of La Paz. Although the idea of guerilla warfare was no longer accepted as a viable form of resistance to the military regime at the time, important elements within the Bolivian people began to idealize and even venerate the guerillas. Historian Siles de Valle illustrates the importance of how Guevaras death, his concept of the new man, the ideals of liberation theology, and the political movements inspired by Guevaras example have influenced Bolivian popular literature and politics right up to the present. This influence is evident in that the first indigenous president of Bolivia, Evo Morales, is said to be re-launching Guevaras project of a peasants revolution in the country. Morales stated that he admires Guevara because, he fought for equality and for justice. He did not just care for ordinary people; he made their struggle his own. The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Western Hemisphere affairs, Roger Pardo-Maurer IV, states, You have a revolution going on in Bolivia, a revolution that potentially could have consequences as far-reaching as the Cuban revolution of 1959. What is going on in Bolivia today could have repercussions in Latin America and elsewhere that you could be dealing with for the rest of your lives. Che Guevara sought to ignite a war based on igniting a peasant revolutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This project is back. Herewith, Evo Morales could become the countrys first authentically politically leftist president. In contrast, Historian Jay Mallin provides the argument that Guevaras influence was ineffective in Bolivia. He states that, charisma is never enough when it comes to leftist movements. The fate of Che Guevara, who failed to foment a Latin American revolution and left no coherent societal model behind for his followers, should have taught us that already. Mallin also believes that Guevara had no purpose to be in Bolivia. Mallin affirms that, the peasants displayed little or no interest in aiding him [Guevara]. During the 1950s, Bolivia had undertaken agrarian reform, and most of the peasants now owned their own land. A high-ranking Bolivian official commented: What could Che offer them? Cabinet posts? Mallins comment indicates that although Guevara was attempting to eradicate the alienation of the individuals on behalf of the population, the peasant majority perceived him as worthless as they had already been benefiting from the capitalists agrarian reform schemes. Mallin considers Guevara to be a failure due to the fact that he was a leading theoretician and advocate of guerilla warfare, but he failed in an attempt to apply his own doctrines. Since Castro came to power in 1959, he and Guevara had launched or encouraged more than a dozen guerilla operations throughout Latin America. Not one of these has succeeded in overthrowing a government; several have been wiped out completely; and some still splutter along. Although much criticism of Guevara and his legacy emanates from the political center and right, there has also been criticism from other political groups such as anarchists and civil libertarians, Bolivian officials and right-wing conservatives, some of whom considered Guevara an authoritarian, anti-working-class Stalinist, whose goal was the creation of a more bureaucratic state-Stalinist regime. Mallins irrefutable argument is that Guevara was a man of considerable capabilities, but he chose to employ these talents in pursuit of violence as a means to a political end. A doctor by profession, Guevara chose not to serve humanity selflessly, but rather to serve communism selflessly. And this indeed he did, relinquishing power and position in order to begin, literally, from scratch once again, to risk his life a new time in obedience to his tortured ideas. Therefore, Guevara can be considered a failure when evaluating his legacy within a political context. Although his attempt at unifying the Latin American nations provided him with an iconic status, the contemporary effort by politicians to follow in Guevaras footsteps has been deemed unsuccessful (except for Cuba as it still survives and was a critical reason for the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961), especially with the Bolivian president Evo Morales, who has little hope of fulfilling the expectations of his followers. Called the most complete human being of our age by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, Guevaras supporters believe he may yet prove to be the most important thinker and activist in Latin America since Simon Bolivar. The most important factor of Guevaras legacy after his death was his status as a popular icon, symbolizing revolution and left-wing political ideals among youngsters in Western and Middle Eastern Cultures. A dramatic photograph of Guevara taken by photographer Alberto Korda soon became one of the centurys most recognizable images, and the portrait was simplified and reproduced on a vast array of merchandise, such as T-shirts, posters, coffee mugs and baseball caps. When Guevara died, millions mourned his passing. Poets and philosophers wrote impassioned eulogies to him, musicians composed tributes, and painters rendered his portrait in a myriad of heroic poses. Marxist guerillas in Asia, Africa and Latin America anxious to revolutionize their societies held his banner aloft as they went into battle. And, as the youth in the United States and Western Europe rose up against the established order over the Vietnam War, racial prejudice, and social orthodoxy, Guevaras defiant visage became the ultimate icon of their fervent protest on influencing government policies. Guevaras body might have vanished, but his spirit has lived on; Guevara was nowhere and everywhere at once. As Jorge Castaneda so aptly states in his evaluation of Guevara, Many of us today owe the few attractive and redeeming features of our daily existence to the sixties, and Che Guevara personifies the era, if not the traits, better than anyone. Latin-American Historians Castaneda, Anderson and Taibo examine the extent to which Guevara was committed to both fomenting socialist revolution on a truly international scale and personally putting into practice his thesis that it was possible for a small but committed guerrilla fighting force to ignite a full-scale popular revolution in Latin-American nations saddled by oppressive regimes and U.S. imperialism. His commitment to these beliefs was shared by most of his closest friends and comrades as well as many admirers and sympathizers around the world. Guevara exemplified the principles of individual sacrifice, honesty, dedication to cause, and personal conviction in his beliefs. In fact, the example he created by the way he lived his life and met his death has transcended time and ideology to nurture and inspire new generations of fighters and dreamers. Guevaras defiant visage, as Anderson believes, has become the ultimate icon of revolutionary spirit and commitment in the late twentieth century. Guevara was truly a man who died for his beliefs, and because of his almost mythical self-sacrifice for his revolutionary ideals he has been the single most important figure of veneration for revolutionaries and guerilla fighters around the world. Historian Castaneda links Guevaras legacy to what he sees as the legacy of the international youth revolt that took place in the 1960s: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦This is the lasting legacy of that decade. It is also what made Guevara the perfect fit, the supreme emblem of that cultural revolt a man whose politics were conventional but whose attitude toward power and politics attained epic and unique dimensionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This component of Guevaras legacy can be evidenced through the increased involvement of the New Left youth revolts during the 1960s. The New Left sought to modify, rather than overthrow capitalism. It sought to make capitalism more inclusive and better share the massive wealth the United States enjoyed in the postwar period making the New Left relevant as this was a constituent of Guevaras ideologies. Castaneda supports his argument by stating that Che can be foundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in the niches reserved for cultural icons, for symbols of social uprisings that filter down de ep into the soil of society, but while there is truth in this assertion it is also clear that Guevaras legacy is greater than this. Bolivian literature, as exemplified by Harris, is testimony to the influence on Bolivian society of Ches guerilla mission and death. Though he is seen by many as a hero, opponents of Guevara, including Cuban exiles, think of him as a killer and terrorist. They point to what they see as the less savoury aspects of Guevaras life, taking the viewpoint that he was enthusiastic about executing opponents of the Cuban Revolution. Some of Guevaras writing is cited as evidence of this tendency, as quoted in an article by Alvaro Vargas Llosa. In his Message to the Tricontinental, Llosa writes of hatred as an element of struggle; unbending hatred for the enemy, which pushes a human being beyond his natural limitations, making him into an effective, violent, selective, and cold-blooded killing machine. Critics in the United States assert that Che Guevara was responsible for the torture and execution of hundreds of people in Cuban prisons, and the murder of many more peasants in the regions controlled or visited by his guerilla forces. Contrary to Guevara supporters, these critics also argue that Guevara was a blundering tactician with no recorded combat victories. While supporters point to the Battle of Santa Clara as a major victory of Guevara, historian Alvaro Vargas Llosa writes, his greatest military achievement in the fight against Batista taking the city of Santa Clara after ambushing a train with heavy reinforcements is seriously disputed. Numerous testimonies indicate that the commander of the train surrendered in advance, perhaps after taking bribes. They believe that Guevara murdered individuals on dubious grounds and took their property, seized private manors for himself, and distributed property among communist bureaucrats rather than the peasants. The critics also st ate that he helped institute forced labour camps when communist volunteerism had failed. Herewith, his social legacy has proven to be notorious as early followers of Guevara have had to transcend hate in order to be attain freedom. A corresponding element of Guevaras legacy is his success and veneration within an economic context. Guevara believed that the revolutionary regime needed to promote the development among Cubas working class of a new communist consciousness based on moral rather than material incentives. He also believed strongly that the regime needed to adopt a centralised budgetary system for the equitable allocation of resources between different sectors of the economy in order to build socialism in Cubas corrupt and underdeveloped economy. He was vehemently opposed to what has today become the market strategy in the remaining few socialist countries marketisation, material incentives, and enterprise financial self-management. Anderson believes that Guevaras image is lionised by commercial profiteers around the world. Entrepreneurs have used and abused Guevaras visage in a variety of ways including ice-cream flavours, revolutionary tacos and is even the public face of Cuba in relation to tourism . Although Guevaras Marxist and economic ideologies were systematic and meticulous, he failed at managing the Cuban economy, as he oversaw the near-collapse of sugar production, the failure of industrialisation, and the introduction of rationing. In a broader sense, some critics, such as Che-Mart (author unknown), have merchandised their dislike of Guevara by marketing burlesque T-shirts at both Guevara and his supporters, casting aspersions, for example, on what they perceive as an irony. The irony can be evidenced in that Guevara was a motivated communist who lived the last years of his life as a revolutionary figure, in order to abolish American capitalism throughout Latin America, but is now one of capitalisms hottest selling images. The creator of Che-mart.com has written, Che has marketed his brand name brilliantly over the years, selling to specific niche in the market: young people who have no clue what Che has done or what he stands for. The cash continues to flow as most coll ege dorms world-wide are being adorned with his face. This comment eradicates Guevaras initial purpose and ideals of a world free of capitalism. Herewith, Guevaras legacy in an economic context is an ironic one, as what he fought against for so many years has allowed market oligopolies to take advantage and use his well-known visage to achieve what entrepreneurs love most: large profit margins from effective market capitalism. The complex facets of Che Guevaras revolutionary movement have created a mixture of interpretations through the passage of time, causing a distortion in the Guevara legend. He is singled out from other revolutionaries by many young people in the West because he rejected a comfortable bourgeois background to fight for those who were deprived of political power and economic stability. However, as evidenced in the thesis, Guevara was unsuccessful in his fight against peasant exploitation and Western capitalism. It is for this reason that Guevaras legacy is considered as rather disproportionate and can be regarded as a failure, when evaluating his political and economic success as a revolutionary. Paradoxically, Guevara can be considered a success as he has become a popular symbol while his image is too often dissociated from the philosophy that built it. It is the vulnerability of Guevaras spirit that makes him a contemporary hero although he might have failed as a revolutionary, he ha s somehow retained a powerful hold on the popular imagination, seeming to transcend time and place; his legacy continues to influence not only those who were inspired by him then but also those who are discovering him today.